Upper Mustang Trek

Destination
Nepal
Accomodation
Hotel & Lodge
Walking Distance
125 km
Duration
11 Nights 12 days
Max. Elevation
3840 meters / 12598 feet
Meals Included
Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Best Season
March to November
Grade
Adventurous

Overview

The Upper Mustang trek offers a unique journey into the hidden Buddhist Kingdom of Lo, located in a remote trans-Himalayan region that borders Tibet. This semi-independent Tibetan kingdom has a distinct culture and landscape, characterized by arid cliffs, unusual rock formations, and colorful, semi-desert scenery. Trekking through Upper Mustang takes adventurers through the rain shadow of the Dhaulagiri massif, leading to the historic walled city of Lo Manthang, once the forbidden kingdom was home to the Kings of Mustang.

Upper Mustang’s history stretches back to the 8th century, the countryside closely resembles the Tibetan plateau, with rolling yellow and grey hills shaped by wind erosion. The area has more rainfall in its lower sections, where the striking red cliffs of mud and stones create dramatic landscapes. During summer, villages dot the desert-like terrain like green oases, appearing as distant mirages.

The Upper Mustang trek is a blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, making it a memorable adventure that will stay with visitors long after they’ve left this ancient land. Whether it’s the stunning rock formations, rich cultural heritage, or the serenity of the Tibetan-style landscape, this trek along ancient routes will leave a lasting impression.

Why you will love the Upper Mustang Trek?
    • Immerse yourself in the Tibetan culture, lifestyle, and traditions of the region’s people.
    • Explore picturesque landscapes, including barren terrains, ancient caves, and centuries-old monasteries.
    • Discover the rich history and archaeology of Upper Mustang through its ancient sites and monasteries.
    • Take in breathtaking mountain vistas and stunning landscapes, offering views of the Nilgiri, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges.
    • Travel back in time by visiting the historic palace of the King of Lo Manthang.
    • Walk freely through the region, which lies in a rain shadow, offering clear skies year-round.
    • Feel the spiritual atmosphere as you pass by gompas, chortens, and prayer flags that flutter in the wind.
    • Observe the strong Tibetan influence on the daily lives and culture of the local people.
    • Witness monks and locals engaged in their spiritual practices, immersing yourself in the serenity of the region.
    • Enjoy the peacefulness and spirituality of Tibetan-inspired traditions while exploring the region's cultural and natural wonders.

Upper Mustang Trek Overview:

    Starting at Kagbeni, the gateway to Upper Mustang, trekkers will experience panoramic views of Nilgiri, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri. The path winds through remote villages, including visits to ancient monasteries, gompas, and caves adorned with rock paintings. Highlights of the trek include Namgyal Gompa, Tingkhar—the last main village in the northwest—and the King’s palace, all of which provide deeper insight into the area’s rich cultural heritage.

    In Mustang, the Tibetan language is used as an oral and written form of language. However, language differs between Lower and Upper Mustang. Upper Mustang speaks Loke while Lower Mustang speaks Bahragaule. The younger generation of Mustang is multilingual. They can speak English and Nepali as well.

    In Lo Manthang, visitors can also explore the Amchi museum and school, learning about traditional Tibetan healing methods that continue to be practiced today. Ghar Gompa, a 1,200-year-old monastery dedicated to Guru Rinpoche. The gompa is renowned for its rock paintings and the belief that wishes made there come true.

    This trek, at altitudes between 3,000m and 3,800m, requires some adaptation due to the dry air and the challenging terrain. Though the locals are accustomed to the elevation, visitors should take a slower pace to avoid altitude sickness. On average, hikers walk 5 to 7 hours a day through windy, dusty paths.

    Why visit Upper Mustang?

    Upper Mustang, often referred to as the Last Forbidden Kingdom of Nepal, offers an experience unlike any other in the country. Its unique geography and deep-rooted cultural heritage make it a captivating destination for travelers. Despite the rapid modernization of the world, Upper Mustang has remained untouched, preserving its ancient traditions, stunning natural landscapes, and the timeless connection between the mountains and the Mustangis, the people of this region.

    Steeped in Tibetan Buddhist culture, Upper Mustang is home to ancient monasteries, traditional villages, and mysterious cliffside cave dwellings. The walled city of Lo Manthang, the capital of the region, stands as a testament to its medieval past. With its old houses, iconic monasteries like Namgyal Gompa, and vibrant prayer flags fluttering in the breeze, Lo Manthang exudes a mythical power. Visitors can witness locals riding on horseback and following age-old traditions, which stand in stark contrast to modern life. The city still observes a monarchy, further adding to its cultural significance.

    Geographically and culturally, Upper Mustang closely mirrors Tibet. It is believed that this region was once part of Tibet in ancient times, which explains the strong Tibetan influence in its traditions and way of life. Trekking through Upper Mustang feels like stepping into a Tibetan realm, providing visitors with a deeply authentic experience. Along the way, trekkers will be treated to breathtaking views of towering peaks like Mt. Annapurna, Mt. Dhaulagiri, and the Nilgiri Himal. To the south, an unusual vista reveals mountain ranges, a feature that sets Upper Mustang apart from other trekking routes in the region.

    One of the most intriguing aspects of Upper Mustang is the network of ancient hill caves scattered across the region. These caves served as shelters during times of famine and war and were also used by holy gurus and rinpoches for meditation. Exploring these caves provides a glimpse into the resourceful and spiritual lives of the people who once lived there.

    Tiji Festival in Upper Mustang:

    A major highlight of Upper Mustang is the Tiji Festival, celebrated annually in May. This colorful and spiritually significant event marks the victory of good over evil. According to legend, a demon threatened to destroy the region, but his son, Dorje Jono, summoned the gods and defeated the demon to save the land. The festival is celebrated with vibrant dances and the chanting of mantras, offering visitors a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the rituals and traditions of Tibetan-origin Nepalese culture.

    In every sense, Upper Mustang is a rare gem—rich in history, mystery, and spiritual significance. From the walled city of Lo Manthang to its ancient caves and sacred festivals, this region captivates the imagination and leaves visitors with a lasting sense of awe and wonder. For those seeking a magical adventure in a place where time seems to stand still, the Upper Mustang Trek Nepal is an unforgettable destination.

Best time for Upper Mustang Trek:

The best time to visit Upper Mustang; the forbidden kingdom is between Spring and November when weather conditions are ideal for trekking and exploring this unique region. The weather is typically dry, bright, and warm, with daytime temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C depending on the season, while nighttime temperatures can drop to around 5°C or lower.  Here’s a detailed breakdown of the seasons to help you plan your trip to Upper Mustang:

Spring Season (March to May):

Spring is an excellent time to trek in the Upper Mustang. With mild temperatures, blooming flowers, green fields, and clear views of the snow-capped peaks, it’s one of the best seasons for outdoor activities. The daytime temperature ranges from 15°C to 20°C, with nighttime lows around 5°C. This season is ideal for exploring both common and alternative trekking routes, as rivers from snow melt flow in the lower regions, enhancing the beauty of the landscape.

Summer/Monsoon Season (June to August):

Though many trekking areas in Nepal experience heavy rains during the monsoon, Upper Mustang is situated in a rain shadow, making it one of the few regions where summer trekking is possible. The weather is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C during the day and around 10°C at night. You can witness the greenery of the Himalayan desert plateau and enjoy a quieter experience, as fewer travelers visit during this time. However, flights from Pokhara to Jomsom may face delays due to rain and fog in lower regions. Once in Upper Mustang, the weather improves, and the scenery remains breathtaking.

Autumn Season (September to November):

Autumn is considered the best time to visit Upper Mustang. The skies are clear, the views of the mountains are stunning, and the weather is dry and warm, with daytime temperatures around 20°C and cooler nights dropping to 5°C. This is also the busiest season for trekking in the region, as it offers perfect conditions for outdoor activities. However, by late November, many lodges close, and locals begin moving to lower areas, marking the end of the trekking season.

Winter Season (December to February):

Trekking in the Upper Mustang during winter is challenging due to harsh weather conditions. Temperatures can drop to -20°C, and heavy snowfall covers the trails, making it difficult to navigate. Most lodges are closed, and locals move to warmer areas. Although the snow-covered landscape is beautiful, winter is not recommended for trekking in the Upper Mustang due to the lack of accommodation and extreme cold. Even if you choose to trek in winter, you can be equipped with a camping tent, water purification tablets, food items, a sleeping bag that can withstand -20°C, a winter jacket, and a power bank to charge your phone

In Summary:

  1. Spring (March to May): Mild weather, blooming landscapes, great for trekking and exploring.
  2. Summer (June to August): Best for trekking as Upper Mustang is in a rain shadow, though flights may be delayed due to monsoon in lower regions.
  3. Autumn (September to November): Ideal for trekking with clear skies and stunning mountain views, though it’s the busiest season.
  4. Winter (December to February): Harsh cold, heavy snowfall, and closed lodges; trekking is not recommended.

For those seeking the best experience, Spring and Autumn are the ideal times to visit Upper Mustang, offering comfortable weather and the best mountain views. However, if you prefer fewer crowds, the Summer season is a quieter alternative. Winter, while serene and beautiful, poses significant challenges due to the cold and lack of facilities. With these insights, you can plan your trek to the Upper Mustang, ensuring the best possible conditions for your adventure.

Upper Mustang Trek Route:

The Upper Mustang Trek offers a unique journey through the former Kingdom of Lo, blending ancient Tibetan culture with dramatic Himalayan landscapes. This trek takes adventurers from the lush forests of the Annapurna region to the arid, high-altitude desert of Upper Mustang. Trekkers experience traditional villages, ancient monasteries, and breathtaking mountain vistas. The route includes challenging passes, and visits to sky caves, and culminates in the walled city of Lo Manthang, providing a rare glimpse into a preserved Tibetan culture.

Upper Mustang Trek Route Key points:

  1. Start in Pokhara, drive or fly to Jomsom
  2. Ascend through Kagbeni to Chele
  3. Cross multiple high passes including Taklam La and Nyi La
  4. Visit ancient villages like Ghami and Tsarang
  5. Reach Lo Manthang, the walled capital of Mustang
  6. Explore Choser cave complex
  7. Return via different route with stops in Dhakmar and Ghiling

Upper Mustang Trek Total Trekking Distance

The Upper Mustang trek covers substantial distances over varied and challenging terrain, testing trekkers with both distance and significant elevation changes. 

  1. Total Trekking Distance:
    The trek covers approximately 110-120 km (68-75 miles) on foot over 12 days of actual trekking.
  2. The total driving or flying distance for the round trip (Pokhara to Jomsom and back) is:
    1. Driving: Approximately 310 km (192 miles)
    2. Flying: Approximately 120-130 km (74-81 miles)

Key points for Upper Mustang Trek Distance:

Total distance: Approximately 110-120 km (68-75 miles)
Duration: 12 days of trekking (14 days total including travel)
Average daily distance: 10-15 km (6-9 miles)
Longest day: ~22 km (Chuksang to Jomsom
Highest elevation reached: 4,230 meters at Marang La pass

Upper Mustang Trek Video | North Nepal Trek

Upper Mustang Trek Itinerary

  1. day 1

    Arrival in Kathmandu

  2. day 2

    Drive or Flight from Kathmandu to Pokhara

  3. day 3

    Drive Jeep from Pokhara to Jomsom

  4. day 4

    Jomsom to Chele (3,050m)

  5. day 5

    Chele to Syanboche (3,475 m)

  6. day 6

    Syanboche to Ghami (3,520 m)

  7. day 7

    Ghami to Tsarang (3,520m)

  8. day 8

    Tsarang to Lo-Manthang (3,700m)

  9. day 9

    Explore Lo-Manthang

  10. day 10

    Lo-Manthang to Dhakmar (3,780 m)

  11. day 11

    Dhakmar to Ghiling (3570 m)

  12. day 12

    Ghiling to Chuksang (3050 m)

  13. day 13

    Chuksang to Jomsom

  14. day 14

    Jomsom to Pokhara

Upper Mustang Trek Map and Altitude Graph

everest base camp trek map

WHAT’S INCLUDED

    • 11 nights of teahouse & hotel accommodation during the Upper Mustang Trek
    • Upper Mustang special trekking permit $500, ACAP permit  & TAAN permit fee.
    • We provide 3 meals per day (Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner) and Tea / Coffee twice daily. Please note that each meal is served as a single serving.
    • Sharing Jeep from Pokhara to Jomsom & viceversa.
    • North Nepal Trek's government-licensed experienced local guide. Assistant guide for groups of 6 or more trekkers.
    • Guide expenses ( Meals ( B/L/D), insurance, transportation, salary, lodging, and necessary equipment)
    • Seasonal fresh fruits or dry fruits throughout the trek.
    • Souvenir – a company T-shirt
    • NNTT trek appreciation certificate
    • All government, local taxes & official expenses

WHAT'S EXCLUDED

  • Any flight cost ( International or Domestic Pokhara - Jomsom - Pokhara )
  • Nepal entry visa fee at TIA
  • All accommodation and meals in Kathmandu and Pokhara city
  • For each extra day $50 in the Upper Mustang region after 10 days
  • Night accommodation in Kathmandu & Pokhara due to early arrival or late departure
  • Cost of early return from the trekking
  • Excluded Lunch and Dinner during the trek. 
  • Personnel expenses such as bar bills, drinks & beverages items extra porter, extra rooms
  • Trekkers travel insurance
  • Tips and gratitudes for Guide & Porters
  • Anything not listed in including list

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Frequently Asked Question

You are required to travel to Pokhara and then transfer to Jomsom to start our trek. Depending on your finances and comfort you can pick different options. As the tourist bus to Pokhara is a budget-friendly option but requires 6-7 hours of road travel or you can also have a 30-minute flight to Pokhara if you opt to get the convenient options. From Pokhara, you should plan to either fly or drive to Jomsom. We recommend a flight to Jomsom that cost $120 per person if you don’t have plenty of days to spare. Jomsom is the gateway to Upper Mustang where we will start our trek. Unless you mind travelling an extended distance via overland, there’s an immediate Jeep drive to Jomsom from Pokhara as well. The Jeep will take 8~9 Hrs to reach Jomsom. Yes, it is an extended journey but it’s the cheapest option to attain the trailhead.

Upper Mustang Trek is one of the popular treks among both Nepali and Foreign trekkers. The place offers a variety of food options and accommodation options. One may opt to share the room or stay individually, depending on the person. This place is famed for the Thakali Khana, a local cuisine of Thakalis. Usually, all the accommodation and food are included in the package itself so, the trekkers can enjoy their expedition without worrying.

Except for the very cold and chilly seasons, this trek can be done throughout the year. However, the months from October to November offer the best mind-blowing view of the mountains, barren hills, and deserts. This place is located in the shadow area of the Himalayas so, rainfall is barely expected which make it one of the renowned destination during the monsoon season too. The local inhibitors of this place usually migrate to less cold areas during the chilly season to cope with an extreme cold so, hikers usually avoid this season.

You are going to trek with guides and porters. The guides provided by the agency are usually local and are well-trained, certified and have good contacts with the locals of this region. They also have good communication skills and can speak English fluently. The porters are also well-behaved and healthy. Also, both porters and guides have good knowledge about the trails and their difficulty. Your health, lodgings and food are taken care of by the guides. Furthermore, the insurance and their fees are included in the package so, you don't have to pay them individually.

Yes, you may require a special permit because this place is a restricted area. The visitors must pay US$ 500 per person for the first 10 days. After the completion of the allocated time, they are invoked US$ 50 for each person for each day. However, the trip is worth every penny as you get to see the unique sceneries, mainly an untainted and untouched locality, villages by modernity.

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